The Rise of 19th Century Luxury Fashion
Ottavia Carobba
What significant change occurred in French luxury with the advent of the Industrial Revolution?
French luxury ceased to be 'aristocratic' and became bourgeois.
Which city became the world luxury capital in the 19th century?
Paris
What were the key factors that changed clothing as a differentiating factor between social classes in the mid-19th century?
1. Development of the textile industry 2. Mechanization of silk factories 3. Improvement of dyeing techniques 4. Birth of the clothing industry 5. Publishing of the first magazines
What are the two most important sectors of the fashion industry that originated in France?
Haute couture and leather goods
What does "haute couture" translate to?
High sewing or high fashion
Who introduced haute couture and where did he live and work?
Charles-Frédéric Worth; he lived and worked in France.
What year was the Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne established?
1868
What criteria must fashion houses meet to use the term "haute couture"?
Custom-made pieces for private clients and maintaining an atelier in Paris.
Who founded the House of Worth, and in what year?
Charles Frederick Worth; founded in 1858.
What was one of Charles-Frédéric Worth's main innovations in haute couture?
The identification of a creator with a trademark.
Who founded the maison Hermès, and in what year?
Thierry Hermès; founded in 1837.
What product was originally associated with the Hermès brand?
Saddles
Who founded Louis Vuitton's original workshop, and when?
Louis Vuitton; founded in 1854.
What was the primary product of Louis Vuitton's brand initially?
Trunks
What development favored the growth of Louis Vuitton's brand?
The invention of railways.
Which sector saw significant development alongside haute couture in France?
Leather goods
What factor contributed to the birth of modern perfumery in the 19th century?
Development of the chemical industry.
Who opened a shop on Rue de Rivoli in 1828 to sell personalized perfumes?
Pierre Guerlain
Name one prestigious French jewelry brand founded in the 19th century.
Cartier (founded in 1847).
What shift occurred in table decoration during the 19th century?
A shift from precious metals to silver, porcelain, and crystal.
Which year marks the founding of Philippe Deshoulieres, a prestigious French tableware brand?
1826
Name one famous champagne house established before the 19th century.
Moët & Chandon (founded in 1743).
Which famous champagne brand was founded in 1829?
Bollinger
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Description
Explore how the Industrial Revolution transformed luxury in 19th century France, shifting from aristocratic to bourgeois styles, and establishing Paris as the global fashion capital with haute couture and leather goods.
Questions
Download Questions1. What was Paul Poiret known for organizing all over Europe?
2. Which fragrance did Paul Poiret launch as part of his diversification?
3. Which designer is famous for her bias-cut dresses that revolutionized the way dresses drape and move on the body?
4. What iconic design is Jeanne Lanvin known for?
5. What significant change occurred in French luxury with the advent of the Industrial Revolution?
6. Who is credited with introducing haute couture?
7. What was the original product of Louis Vuitton's workshop?
8. Which industry development helped the birth of modern perfumery?
9. Which French jewelry brand was founded in 1847?
10. Which material saw a decline in use for table decoration in the 19th century in favor of silver, porcelain, and crystal?
11. What was one of the impacts of industrialization on tableware production starting from 1850?
12. Which French tableware brand was founded in 1830?
13. Which champagne house was founded in 1829?
14. What new segments emerged in the 19th century due to changes in lifestyle?
15. Who published the first album of sketches by the best illustrators to promote his designs?
16. Which fashion house is currently controlled by the LVMH group?
17. Who became a leading designer in haute couture during the 1960s, known for timeless elegance and sophistication?
18. Which designer is known for introducing the "Le Smoking" tuxedo suit for women?
19. What was Pierre Cardin's 1964 collection, featuring minimalist, space suit-like clothing, called?
20. Which designer's debut collection featured chain mail dresses and was titled "12 Unwearable Dresses in Contemporary Materials"?
Study Notes
19th Century Luxury: A Transformative Era
The 19th century marked a pivotal shift in the concept of luxury, transitioning from an aristocratic privilege to a more accessible status symbol for the burgeoning bourgeoisie. This period saw Paris emerge as the epicenter of luxury, influencing fashion, jewelry, and dining aesthetics.
Shift in Luxury Definition
- The Industrial Revolution democratized luxury, making it available to the middle class.
- Clothing became a significant marker of social class distinctions.
Fashion and Social Class
- The mid-19th century witnessed clothing serving as an indicator of wealth and status.
- Innovations in textile production made high-quality fabrics more accessible to a wider audience.
- The rise of fashion media, including magazines, spread trends across various social groups.
Haute Couture Emergence
- Haute couture defined high fashion with unique, custom-made garments emphasizing craftsmanship.
- Charles-Frédéric Worth formalized haute couture practices and established designer influence over mere tailoring.
Iconic Luxury Brands
Jewelry and Tableware
- Notable jewelry brands like Cartier emerged alongside advancements in tableware design.
- The shift from precious metals to materials like porcelain indicated changing dining aesthetics.
Champagne Houses
- Established brands such as Moët & Chandon laid the groundwork for new luxury beverage brands during this era.
Key Takeaways
- The Industrial Revolution reshaped luxury consumption patterns by making them accessible to the middle class.
- Paris solidified its role as the global hub for fashion and luxury goods through innovations in haute couture and brand establishment.
- The developments during this century laid foundational standards for modern luxury markets across various sectors.
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