The Rise of 19th Century Luxury Fashion

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What significant change occurred in French luxury with the advent of the Industrial Revolution?

French luxury ceased to be 'aristocratic' and became bourgeois.

Which city became the world luxury capital in the 19th century?

Paris

What were the key factors that changed clothing as a differentiating factor between social classes in the mid-19th century?

1. Development of the textile industry 2. Mechanization of silk factories 3. Improvement of dyeing techniques 4. Birth of the clothing industry 5. Publishing of the first magazines

What are the two most important sectors of the fashion industry that originated in France?

Haute couture and leather goods

What does "haute couture" translate to?

High sewing or high fashion

Who introduced haute couture and where did he live and work?

Charles-Frédéric Worth; he lived and worked in France.

What year was the Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne established?

1868

What criteria must fashion houses meet to use the term "haute couture"?

Custom-made pieces for private clients and maintaining an atelier in Paris.

Who founded the House of Worth, and in what year?

Charles Frederick Worth; founded in 1858.

What was one of Charles-Frédéric Worth's main innovations in haute couture?

The identification of a creator with a trademark.

Who founded the maison Hermès, and in what year?

Thierry Hermès; founded in 1837.

What product was originally associated with the Hermès brand?

Saddles

Who founded Louis Vuitton's original workshop, and when?

Louis Vuitton; founded in 1854.

What was the primary product of Louis Vuitton's brand initially?

Trunks

What development favored the growth of Louis Vuitton's brand?

The invention of railways.

Which sector saw significant development alongside haute couture in France?

Leather goods

What factor contributed to the birth of modern perfumery in the 19th century?

Development of the chemical industry.

Who opened a shop on Rue de Rivoli in 1828 to sell personalized perfumes?

Pierre Guerlain

Name one prestigious French jewelry brand founded in the 19th century.

Cartier (founded in 1847).

What shift occurred in table decoration during the 19th century?

A shift from precious metals to silver, porcelain, and crystal.

Which year marks the founding of Philippe Deshoulieres, a prestigious French tableware brand?

1826

Name one famous champagne house established before the 19th century.

Moët & Chandon (founded in 1743).

Which famous champagne brand was founded in 1829?

Bollinger

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Description

Explore how the Industrial Revolution transformed luxury in 19th century France, shifting from aristocratic to bourgeois styles, and establishing Paris as the global fashion capital with haute couture and leather goods.

1. What was Paul Poiret known for organizing all over Europe?

A Perfume launches B Art exhibitions C Jewelry showcases D Touring fashion shows

2. Which fragrance did Paul Poiret launch as part of his diversification?

A Rosine B Shalimar C Diorissimo D Chanel No. 5

3. Which designer is famous for her bias-cut dresses that revolutionized the way dresses drape and move on the body?

A Madeleine Vionnet B Coco Chanel C Jeanne Lanvin D Paul Poiret

4. What iconic design is Jeanne Lanvin known for?

A Bias-cut dress B Little black dress C Robe de style D New Look

5. What significant change occurred in French luxury with the advent of the Industrial Revolution?

A It became proletarian. B It ceased to exist. C It became bourgeois. D It became aristocratic.

6. Who is credited with introducing haute couture?

A Charles-Frédéric Worth. B Pierre Guerlain. C Louis Vuitton. D Thierry Hermès.

7. What was the original product of Louis Vuitton's workshop?

A The trunk. B Handbags. C Jewelry. D Perfumes.

8. Which industry development helped the birth of modern perfumery?

A The jewelry industry. B The leather goods industry. C The chemical industry. D The textile industry.

9. Which French jewelry brand was founded in 1847?

A Cartier. B De Grace. C Boucheron. D Van Cleef and Arpel.

10. Which material saw a decline in use for table decoration in the 19th century in favor of silver, porcelain, and crystal?

A Wood B Precious metal C Plastic D Glass

11. What was one of the impacts of industrialization on tableware production starting from 1850?

A Higher cost of production B Decrease in variety C Lower cost of production D Decline in quality

12. Which French tableware brand was founded in 1830?

A Christofle B Bernardaud C Ercuis D Lalique

13. Which champagne house was founded in 1829?

A Bollinger B Krug C Moët & Chandon D Veuve Clicquot

14. What new segments emerged in the 19th century due to changes in lifestyle?

A Agriculture, mining, and fishing B Tourism, gastronomy, and transport C Education, healthcare, and technology D Banking, real estate, and insurance

15. Who published the first album of sketches by the best illustrators to promote his designs?

A Coco Chanel B Christian Dior C Paul Poiret D Jeanne Lanvin

16. Which fashion house is currently controlled by the LVMH group?

A Christian Dior B Hermès C Givenchy D Chanel

17. Who became a leading designer in haute couture during the 1960s, known for timeless elegance and sophistication?

A Hubert de Givenchy B Yves Saint Laurent C Paco Rabanne D Pierre Cardin

18. Which designer is known for introducing the "Le Smoking" tuxedo suit for women?

A Hubert de Givenchy B Christian Dior C Pierre Cardin D Yves Saint Laurent

19. What was Pierre Cardin's 1964 collection, featuring minimalist, space suit-like clothing, called?

A Futurism B Cosmocorps C Avant-Garde D Space Age

20. Which designer's debut collection featured chain mail dresses and was titled "12 Unwearable Dresses in Contemporary Materials"?

A Yves Saint Laurent B Pierre Cardin C Paco Rabanne D Hubert de Givenchy

Study Notes

19th Century Luxury: A Transformative Era

The 19th century marked a pivotal shift in the concept of luxury, transitioning from an aristocratic privilege to a more accessible status symbol for the burgeoning bourgeoisie. This period saw Paris emerge as the epicenter of luxury, influencing fashion, jewelry, and dining aesthetics.

Shift in Luxury Definition

  • The Industrial Revolution democratized luxury, making it available to the middle class.
  • Clothing became a significant marker of social class distinctions.

Fashion and Social Class

  • The mid-19th century witnessed clothing serving as an indicator of wealth and status.
  • Innovations in textile production made high-quality fabrics more accessible to a wider audience.
  • The rise of fashion media, including magazines, spread trends across various social groups.

Haute Couture Emergence

  • Haute couture defined high fashion with unique, custom-made garments emphasizing craftsmanship.
  • Charles-Frédéric Worth formalized haute couture practices and established designer influence over mere tailoring.

Iconic Luxury Brands

Jewelry and Tableware

  • Notable jewelry brands like Cartier emerged alongside advancements in tableware design.
  • The shift from precious metals to materials like porcelain indicated changing dining aesthetics.

Champagne Houses

  • Established brands such as Moët & Chandon laid the groundwork for new luxury beverage brands during this era.

Key Takeaways

  1. The Industrial Revolution reshaped luxury consumption patterns by making them accessible to the middle class.
  2. Paris solidified its role as the global hub for fashion and luxury goods through innovations in haute couture and brand establishment.
  3. The developments during this century laid foundational standards for modern luxury markets across various sectors.

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